Countries
United States (US)
The US Government have been one of the leading action takers
in during the Syrian Civil War however, their actions have revealed that they
are pro-rebels.
The Obama government has already signalled their disapproval towards Assad’s government forcing to opt to chemical warfare to attacking and forcefully control civilians and in response, have sent civilian and military assistance to Syria to aid the impacted.
The US have already provided over $513 million dollars to fund their humanitarian assistance operations in providing support to the civilians.
The government has also transcribed legislations which expand the humanitarian assistance of the US including, H.R 1327 (The Free Syria Act of 2013) and S.960 (The Syria Transition Support Act of 2013).
The US government have also been pressing president of Syria, Bashar Al Assad to resign from his position since August of 2011 and also have been pressing the UNSC to condemn the Syrian government (Assad government)
The U.S has established numerous unilateral and multilateral policies since March 2011 on a variety of scales in Syria to take a stand against the Assad regime. Some of the most major action has only been taken recently including an agreement reached between the U.S and Russia, working in conjunction with the United Nations on 14 September 2013 to destroy Syria’s chemical weapons arsenal. Their plan was approved by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and is being strongly supported by the OPCW. Their plan to destroy all of Bashar Al-Assad’s chemical weapons arsenal commenced on the 6th October, being overwatched closely by the OPCW.
While some difficulties have been experienced in deporting and disposing of chemicals between cities and ‘elimination’ areas which has caused the operation to fall behind schedule, the US is confident that all the materials will be processed by the end of 2014
The Obama government has already signalled their disapproval towards Assad’s government forcing to opt to chemical warfare to attacking and forcefully control civilians and in response, have sent civilian and military assistance to Syria to aid the impacted.
The US have already provided over $513 million dollars to fund their humanitarian assistance operations in providing support to the civilians.
The government has also transcribed legislations which expand the humanitarian assistance of the US including, H.R 1327 (The Free Syria Act of 2013) and S.960 (The Syria Transition Support Act of 2013).
The US government have also been pressing president of Syria, Bashar Al Assad to resign from his position since August of 2011 and also have been pressing the UNSC to condemn the Syrian government (Assad government)
The U.S has established numerous unilateral and multilateral policies since March 2011 on a variety of scales in Syria to take a stand against the Assad regime. Some of the most major action has only been taken recently including an agreement reached between the U.S and Russia, working in conjunction with the United Nations on 14 September 2013 to destroy Syria’s chemical weapons arsenal. Their plan was approved by the Organization for the Prohibition of Chemical Weapons and is being strongly supported by the OPCW. Their plan to destroy all of Bashar Al-Assad’s chemical weapons arsenal commenced on the 6th October, being overwatched closely by the OPCW.
While some difficulties have been experienced in deporting and disposing of chemicals between cities and ‘elimination’ areas which has caused the operation to fall behind schedule, the US is confident that all the materials will be processed by the end of 2014
In February 2013, the US commenced the project to provide non-lethal aid to the opposition of the Assad regime on a regional scale. The non-lethal aid involved shipments of food, water and medical kits. However, also in June of the same year, the action was expanded and began the supply of provisions including small arms and ammunition.
It is mainly due to their strong, patriotic views on democracy that US have condemned the Assad regime. Assistance to the opposition has been supplied through intelligence agencies including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) who have been providing small arms, ammunition and pro-visions of anti-tank weapons and training.
Released reports and investigations suggest the US’ proposal for a plan to create a safe zone and a no-fly zone spanning from Jordan to Southern Syria, discussing it with rebels.
An ongoing US and allied military exercise has begun in Jordan and Syria with the assistance of the rebels, bringing inF-16 and F-18 fighters alongside the 26th Marine Unit within the designated area, designated to protect the airspace and territory in event of an attack.
Criteria Met by the United States: Steps (1), (2), (4), (5), (6) and (7)
Effectiveness: The actions undertaken by the United States have been extremely extensively with many actions as a result of differing views of priorities and resolutions but overall, extremely effective. However, most believe that the outcome resulting through a negotiated settlement is the most beneficial for both sides. Their beliefs sometimes lean towards the Syrian Opposition but is generally quite neutral. Their actions include implementing a no fly zone, fight for the stoppage of illegal arms trade, the fight to end chemical warfare, humanitarian support, security for refugees but also many policies which aim to assist further but also many more.
It is mainly due to their strong, patriotic views on democracy that US have condemned the Assad regime. Assistance to the opposition has been supplied through intelligence agencies including the Central Intelligence Agency (CIA) who have been providing small arms, ammunition and pro-visions of anti-tank weapons and training.
Released reports and investigations suggest the US’ proposal for a plan to create a safe zone and a no-fly zone spanning from Jordan to Southern Syria, discussing it with rebels.
An ongoing US and allied military exercise has begun in Jordan and Syria with the assistance of the rebels, bringing inF-16 and F-18 fighters alongside the 26th Marine Unit within the designated area, designated to protect the airspace and territory in event of an attack.
Criteria Met by the United States: Steps (1), (2), (4), (5), (6) and (7)
Effectiveness: The actions undertaken by the United States have been extremely extensively with many actions as a result of differing views of priorities and resolutions but overall, extremely effective. However, most believe that the outcome resulting through a negotiated settlement is the most beneficial for both sides. Their beliefs sometimes lean towards the Syrian Opposition but is generally quite neutral. Their actions include implementing a no fly zone, fight for the stoppage of illegal arms trade, the fight to end chemical warfare, humanitarian support, security for refugees but also many policies which aim to assist further but also many more.
Russia
Along with the
US, Russia has been a contributor to the Syrian Civil War however, are in fact
pro Assad. Being allowed to build and operate a Russian Tartus Naval
Base in Syria (the only Russian naval base outside of the Soviet Union), both
countries have signed a “business contract” which allows the presence of Russia’s
base within Syria but in turn, states that Russia must assist the Syrian
government in times of conflict by providing arms ad weaponry but to also
supply military and technical support to train the Assad government Army,
training them to utilise and use the Russian arsenal.
Already, large controversy and criticism has surrounded the agreement between the two nations by the outraged Western Diplomatic World as it is breaking the International law.
Already, large controversy and criticism has surrounded the agreement between the two nations by the outraged Western Diplomatic World as it is breaking the International law.
Russia has already refurbished and recovered the economy of Syria, with millions of dollars and the supply of military and anti-air craft defence artillery, in order to fend themselves in spite of a potential US airstrike.
In 2012, Russia continued to ship arms to the Assad government, with one ship apparently loaded with "dangerous cargo" notably having to stop in Cyprus due to stormy weather on the 10 January.
Russia's current arms contracts with Syria are estimated to be an increasing 1.5 billion US dollars, compromising 10% of Russia's global arms sales. Syria also hosts a Russian navy base at Tartus, Russia's last military base outside the borders of the former USSR. Russia's arms sales sparked anger and criticism on the part of certain Western and Arab nations. The Russian government, for its part, defended its sales by pointing out that they did not violate any standing arms embargoes.
Recently, in May of 2013, Russia and China have revealed their ideas, supporting the Assad government by voting at the United Nations Security draft meeting. Both nations voted for the possibility of the Syrian Civil War sanction involving the referral of all those responsible for War Crimes and other crimes against humanity to the International Criminal Court.
13 of the 15 council’s members voted against the resolution of Russia and China, commenting that their idea prevented the world to provide justice. However, Russia’s involvement towards the war has been justified as the ongoing conflict is in fact beneficial to Russia as half of Syria’s nation crumbles. As the Syrian Civil War continues, and as Russia’s involvement especially in the early stages increases, Russia evolves as a country, developing through the means of conflict.
During January of 2011, Russia has denied the first US draft sanction at the UN Security Council meeting which attempted to condemn Syria’s use of force.
On the 12th of May of the same year, Russia also blocked a report on Iranian arm sales to Assad’s army.
A council diplomat described that Russia objected to "the publication of the report as an official Security Council document", but also added "It's obviously an attempt to protect Bashar al-Assad".
Criteria Met by Russia: Step (5)
Effectiveness: Russia’s actions have been fairly unhelpful to the resolution of their War as their views are Pro-Assad, meaning that their actions are heavy biased towards the Assad regime winning the war.
In 2012, Russia continued to ship arms to the Assad government, with one ship apparently loaded with "dangerous cargo" notably having to stop in Cyprus due to stormy weather on the 10 January.
Russia's current arms contracts with Syria are estimated to be an increasing 1.5 billion US dollars, compromising 10% of Russia's global arms sales. Syria also hosts a Russian navy base at Tartus, Russia's last military base outside the borders of the former USSR. Russia's arms sales sparked anger and criticism on the part of certain Western and Arab nations. The Russian government, for its part, defended its sales by pointing out that they did not violate any standing arms embargoes.
Recently, in May of 2013, Russia and China have revealed their ideas, supporting the Assad government by voting at the United Nations Security draft meeting. Both nations voted for the possibility of the Syrian Civil War sanction involving the referral of all those responsible for War Crimes and other crimes against humanity to the International Criminal Court.
13 of the 15 council’s members voted against the resolution of Russia and China, commenting that their idea prevented the world to provide justice. However, Russia’s involvement towards the war has been justified as the ongoing conflict is in fact beneficial to Russia as half of Syria’s nation crumbles. As the Syrian Civil War continues, and as Russia’s involvement especially in the early stages increases, Russia evolves as a country, developing through the means of conflict.
During January of 2011, Russia has denied the first US draft sanction at the UN Security Council meeting which attempted to condemn Syria’s use of force.
On the 12th of May of the same year, Russia also blocked a report on Iranian arm sales to Assad’s army.
A council diplomat described that Russia objected to "the publication of the report as an official Security Council document", but also added "It's obviously an attempt to protect Bashar al-Assad".
Criteria Met by Russia: Step (5)
Effectiveness: Russia’s actions have been fairly unhelpful to the resolution of their War as their views are Pro-Assad, meaning that their actions are heavy biased towards the Assad regime winning the war.